Policonsumo de tabaco y cannabis: Relación con la salud autopercibida y el estado de ánimo en adolescentes de la Catalunya Central-Proyecto DESKcohort / Polydrug use of tobacco and cannabis: Relationship with self-perceived health and mood state in adolescents in Central Catalonia- DESKcohort Project

El objetivo fue estimar la prevalencia del policonsumo de tabaco y cannabis y ver su relación con la salud autopercibida y el estado de ánimo en los adolescentes escolarizados de la Catalunya Central en el curso 2019- 2020. Estudio transversal con una muestra de 7.319 estudiantes, que contestaron un cuestionario auto administrado. Las variables dependientes fueron el policonsumo de tabaco y cannabis y policonsumo de tabaco y cannabis de riesgo. Las variables independientes principales fueron la salud autopercibida y el estado de ánimo. Para el análisis de prevalencia se analizaron frecuencias y porcentajes, y se usó la prueba de Chi-cuadrado. Se ajustaron modelos de regresión de Poisson con varianza robusta, obteniendo Razones de Prevalencia. La prevalencia del policonsumo de tabaco y cannabis fue de 3,5% y del policonsumo de tabaco y cannabis de riesgo 2,5%. En los chicos, cursar un curso académico superior (4º de ESO (RPa: 3,88; IC95%:2,14-7,05) vs. CFGM (RPa: 8,67; IC95%:4,51-16,67), tener peor salud autopercibida (RPa: 4,79; IC95%:3,24-7,08) y un peor estado de ánimo (RPa: 1,47; IC95%:1,05-2,08) actúan como factores asociados con el policonsumo de tabaco y cannabis. En chicas y por consumo de riesgo de cannabis siguen un patrón similar. Entre las principales conclusiones observamos que no hay diferencias en la salud autopercibida y el estado de ánimo en el policonsumo de tabaco con cannabis y con cannabis de riesgo, por lo que deben existir estrategias de reducción de riesgos tanto si el consumo de cannabis es puntual como si el consumo de cannabis es problemático. (AU)

The objective was to estimate the prevalence of polydrug use of tobacco and cannabis and to see its relationship with self-perceived health and mood state in adolescents from Central Catalonia in the 2019-2020 academic year. A cross-sectional study was carried out with a sample of 7,319 students, who answered a self-administered questionnaire. The dependent variables were the polydrug use of tobacco and cannabis and polydrug use of tobacco and high-risk cannabis. The main independent variables were self-perceived health status and mood state. Frequencies and percentages were analyzed for the prevalence analysis, and the Chi-square test was used. Poisson regression models were adjusted with robust variance, obtaining Prevalence Ratios. The prevalence of polydrug use of tobacco and cannabis was 3.5% and polydrug use of tobacco and high-risk cannabis was 2.5%. In boys, attending higher academic courses (4th of ESO (aPR: 3.88; 95% CI: 2.14-7.05) vs. CFGM (aPR: 8.67; CI95%: 4.51-16.67), having worse self-perceived health (aPR: 4.79; CI95%: 3.24-7.08) and worse mood state (aPR: 1.47; CI95%: 1.05-2.08) act as factors associated with polydrug use of tobacco and cannabis. The results for girls, and risky use of cannabis follow a similar pattern. Among the main conclusions we observe is that there are no differences in self-perceived health and mood state when comparing polydrug use of tobacco and cannabis and polydrug use of tobacco and high-risk cannabis, so risk reduction strategies must be applied whether the use of cannabis is occasional or problematic. (AU)

Polydrug use of tobacco and cannabis: Relationship with self-perceived health and mood state in adolescents in Central Catalonia- DESKcohort Project. / Policonsumo de tabaco y cannabis: Relación con la salud autopercibida y el estado de ánimo en adolescentes de la Catalunya Central-Proyecto DESKcohort.

The objective was to estimate the prevalence of polydrug use of tobacco and cannabis and to see its relationship with self-perceived health and mood state in adolescents from Central Catalonia in the 2019-2020 academic year. A cross-sectional study was carried out with a sample of 7,319 students, who answered a self-administered questionnaire. The dependent variables were the polydrug use of tobacco and cannabis and polydrug use of tobacco and high-risk cannabis. The main independent variables were self-perceived health status and mood state. Frequencies and percentages were analyzed for the prevalence analysis, and the Chi-square test was used. Poisson regression models were adjusted with robust variance, obtaining Prevalence Ratios. The prevalence of polydrug use of tobacco and cannabis was 3.5% and polydrug use of tobacco and high-risk cannabis was 2.5%. In boys, attending higher academic courses (4th of ESO (aPR: 3.88; 95% CI: 2.14-7.05) vs. CFGM (aPR: 8.67; CI95%: 4.51-16.67), having worse self-perceived health (aPR: 4.79; CI95%: 3.24-7.08) and worse mood state (aPR: 1.47; CI95%: 1.05-2.08) act as factors associated with polydrug use of tobacco and cannabis. The results for girls, and risky use of cannabis follow a similar pattern. Among the main conclusions we observe is that there are no differences in self-perceived health and mood state when comparing polydrug use of tobacco and cannabis and polydrug use of tobacco and high-risk cannabis, so risk reduction strategies must be applied whether the use of cannabis is occasional or problematic.

El objetivo fue estimar la prevalencia del policonsumo de tabaco y cannabis y ver su relación con la salud autopercibida y el estado de ánimo en los adolescentes escolarizados de la Catalunya Central en el curso 2019-2020. Estudio transversal con una muestra de 7.319 estudiantes, que contestaron un cuestionario auto administrado. Las variables dependientes fueron el policonsumo de tabaco y cannabis y policonsumo de tabaco y cannabis de riesgo. Las variables independientes principales fueron la salud autopercibida y el estado de ánimo. Para el análisis de prevalencia se analizaron frecuencias y porcentajes, y se usó la prueba de Chi-cuadrado. Se ajustaron modelos de regresión de Poisson con varianza robusta, obteniendo Razones de Prevalencia. La prevalencia del policonsumo de tabaco y cannabis fue de 3,5% y del policonsumo de tabaco y cannabis de riesgo 2,5%. En los chicos, cursar un curso académico superior (4º de ESO (RPa: 3,88; IC95%:2,14-7,05) vs. CFGM (RPa: 8,67; IC95%:4,51-16,67), tener peor salud autopercibida (RPa: 4,79; IC95%:3,24-7,08) y un peor estado de ánimo (RPa: 1,47; IC95%:1,05-2,08) actúan como factores asociados con el policonsumo de tabaco y cannabis. En chicas y por consumo de riesgo de cannabis siguen un patrón similar. Entre las principales conclusiones observamos que no hay diferencias en la salud autopercibida y el estado de ánimo en el policonsumo de tabaco con cannabis y con cannabis de riesgo, por lo que deben existir estrategias de reducción de riesgos tanto si el consumo de cannabis es puntual como si el consumo de cannabis es problemático.

Alcohol and educational inequalities: Hazardous drinking prevalence and all-cause mortality by hazardous drinking group in people aged 50 and older in Europe.

BACKGROUND: We examined educational inequalities in hazardous drinking prevalence among individuals aged 50 or more in 14 European countries, and explored educational inequalities in mortality in hazardous drinkers in European regions.Methods: We analyzed data from waves 4, 5 and 6 of the Survey of Health Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE). We estimated age-standardized hazardous drinking prevalence, and prevalence ratios (PR) of hazardous drinking by country and educational level using Poisson regression models with robust variance. We estimated the relative index of inequality (RII) for all-cause mortality among hazardous drinkers and non-hazardous drinkers using Cox proportional hazards regression models and for each region (North, South, East and West).Results: In men, educational inequalities in hazardous drinking were not observed (PRmedium = 1.09 [95%CI: 0.98-1.21] and PRhigh = 0.99 [95%CI: 0.88-1.10], ref. low), while in they were observed in women, having the highest hazardous drinking prevalence in the highest educational levels (PRmedium = 1.28 [95%CI: 1.15-1.42] and PRhigh = 1.53 [95%CI: 1.36-1.72]). Overall, the Relative Index of Inequality (RII) in all-cause mortality among hazardous drinkers was 1.12 [95%CI: 1.03-1.22] among men and 1.10 [95%CI: 0.97-1.25] among women. Educational inequalities among hazardous drinkers were observed in Eastern Europe for both men (RIIhazardous = 1.21 [95%CI: 1.01-1.45]) and women (RIIhazardous = 1.46 [95%CI: 1.13-1.87]). Educational inequalities in mortality among non-hazardous drinkers were observed in Southern, Western and Eastern Europe among men, and in Eastern Europe among women.Conclusions: Higher educational attainment is positively associated with hazardous drinking prevalence among women, but not among men in most of the analyzed European countries. Clear educational inequalities in mortality among hazardous drinkers were only observed in Eastern Europe. Further research on the associations between alcohol use and inequalities in all-cause mortality in different regions is needed.

Contextual Determinants in Alcohol, Tobacco and Cannabis Consumption, Mood and Bullying during Adolescence.

The present study aimed to explore the differences in the consumption of alcohol, tobacco and cannabis, mood and bullying between adolescents. A cross-sectional study was carried out in five regions of Northern Spain (one in Galiza and four in central Catalonia) that share similar socioeconomic characteristics and encompass around 10,000 inhabitants each. Students living in Burela, Galiza (N = 71) were compared to those of Central Catalonia (N = 193). The independent variable was the municipality of residence. The dependent variables encompassed: weekly available pocket money, Family Affluence Scale, self-classified academic qualification, place of origin, alcohol consumption, tobacco and cannabis smoking, negative mood and bullying. The mean age and their 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) of participants were similar between the regions (Burela: 15.90 years (15.68-16.13) and Central Catalonia: 15.36 years (15.28-15.44)). More than half of the participants were females (Burela, Galiza (53.5%) and Catalonia (54.9%)). Prevalence ratios (PR) and their 95% CI were estimated using Poisson regression models. In comparison with adolescents from Burela (Galiza), those living in Central Catalonia had higher prevalence of diverse academic levels (adjusted PR = 3.92 (1.78-8.66)), tobacco consumption (adjusted PR = 2.41 (1.47-3.97)) and negative mood (adjusted PR = 5.97 (3.05-11.70)). Even when dealing with regions with similar socioeconomic characteristics and number of inhabitants, differences exist in terms of the socioeconomic level, tobacco consumption, mood and bullying, as reported by adolescents.

Future intentions and beliefs about roll-your-own cigarettes in adolescents / Intenciones de futuro y creencias sobre el tabaco de liar en población adolescente

Objective: To determine the predisposition to use roll-your-own (RYO) cigarettes and the beliefs about RYO cigarettes of all the students of 3°–4° of ESO during the years 2016–17 and 2018–19. A cross-sectional study. Setting: Bisaura High School from Sant Quirze de Besora. Primary Health Care in the Catalan Health Institute, Catalunya, Spain. Participants: 111 3rd and 4th of ESO (14–16 years). Main measurements: Dependent variables used were future intentions of smoking and beliefs regarding RYO cigarettes. Independent variables were sex, course and ever smoked. The prevalence of the different dependent variables was described and compared according to the different independent variables with Pearson's Khi-square test. Results: 26.6% of the adolescents intended to smoke in the future of which 17.4% intended to smoke RYO cigarettes and 13.8% manufactured cigarettes (MC). Around 30% of adolescents express at least one wrong belief regarding RYO cigarettes. For example, the 26.7% believed that smoking RYO cigarettes generated less addiction than MC and the 32.1% that was less harmful. Those who had smoked at some time in their life had a greater intention to smoke in the future (54.5%), to smoke MC (27.3%) and RYO cigarettes (40.9%) than those who had never smoked (7.7%, 4.6% and 1.5% respectively) (p<0.005). Some misconceptions differed depending on whether adolescents had ever smoked in life, sex and course. The boys believed that smoking RYO cigarettes was more natural than smoking MC (p<0.005). Conclusions: Educational activities to improve the information that young people have regarding RYO cigarettes are needed.(AU)

Objetivo: Conocer la predisposición a usar tabaco de liar (TL) y las creencias sobre TL de todos los alumnos de 3°-4° de ESO durante los cursos 2016-17 y 2018-19. Estudio tansversal. Emplazamiento: Institut Bisaura. Sant Quirze de Besora. Atención Primaria de Salud. Instituto Catalan de la Salud, Catalunya, España. Participantes: 111 adolescentes de 3° y 4° de ESO (14-16 años). Mediciones principales: Variables dependientes: intenciones futuras de fumar y creencias con respecto al TL. Variables independientes: sexo, curso y haber fumado o no en la vida. Se describió la prevalencia de las variables dependientes y se comparó según las distintas variables independientes con la prueba de Chi cuadrado de Pearson. Resultados: El 26,6% de los adolescentes manifestaron intención de fumar en el futuro, y de ellos, el 17,4% tenían intención de fumar TL y 13.8% tabaco manufacturado (TM). Alrededor del 30% de los adolescentes expresaron al menos una creencia errónea con respecto al TL. Concretamente, el 26,7% creía que fumar TL generaba menor adicción que fumar TM y el 32,1% creía que era menos perjudicial. Los que habían fumado alguna vez en la vida tenían mayor intención de fumar en el futuro (54,5%), de fumar TM (27,3%) y TL (40,9%) que los que no habían fumado nunca (7,7%, 4,6% y 1,5%, respectivamente) (p < 0,005). Algunas creencias erróneas difirieron según si los adolescentes habían fumado alguna vez en la vida, el sexo y el curso. Los chicos creían que fumar TL era más natural que fumar TM (p < 0,005). Conclusiones: Son necesarias actividades educativas para mejorar la información que tienen los jóvenes con respecto al TL.(AU)

Future intentions and beliefs about roll-your-own cigarettes in adolescents.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the predisposition to use roll-your-own (RYO) cigarettes and the beliefs about RYO cigarettes of all the students of 3°-4° of ESO during the years 2016-17 and 2018-19. A cross-sectional study. SETTING: Bisaura High School from Sant Quirze de Besora. Primary Health Care in the Catalan Health Institute, Catalunya, Spain. PARTICIPANTS: 111 3rd and 4th of ESO (14-16 years). MAIN MEASUREMENTS: Dependent variables used were future intentions of smoking and beliefs regarding RYO cigarettes. Independent variables were sex, course and ever smoked. The prevalence of the different dependent variables was described and compared according to the different independent variables with Pearson's Khi-square test. RESULTS: 26.6% of the adolescents intended to smoke in the future of which 17.4% intended to smoke RYO cigarettes and 13.8% manufactured cigarettes (MC). Around 30% of adolescents express at least one wrong belief regarding RYO cigarettes. For example, the 26.7% believed that smoking RYO cigarettes generated less addiction than MC and the 32.1% that was less harmful. Those who had smoked at some time in their life had a greater intention to smoke in the future (54.5%), to smoke MC (27.3%) and RYO cigarettes (40.9%) than those who had never smoked (7.7%, 4.6% and 1.5% respectively) (p<0.005). Some misconceptions differed depending on whether adolescents had ever smoked in life, sex and course. The boys believed that smoking RYO cigarettes was more natural than smoking MC (p<0.005). CONCLUSIONS: Educational activities to improve the information that young people have regarding RYO cigarettes are needed.

Association between negative mood states, psychoactive substances consumption and bullying in school-aged adolescents. / Asociación entre los estados de ánimo negativo, el consumo de sustancias psicoactivas y el bullying en adolescentes escolarizados.

OBJECTIVE: mental health problems during adolescence lead to increased morbidity and mortality. We intend to test the hypothesis that bullying and addictive substance use is related to negative mood states. METHODS: We carried out a cross-sectional study among high school students in Burela (Northern Spain) (n=238). "Negative mood state" was defined as experiencing the following: feeling tired, sad, out of place, bored, hopeless, nervous or lacking sleep. Independent variables were binge drinking, having smoked tobacco or cannabis, and the corresponding perceived risk of using them. The variable bullying was also measured. Poisson regression models with robust variance were estimated, and Prevalence Ratios were obtained. RESULTS: 10.5% [CI 95% (7.2-15.2)] of the students reported suffering negative mood states. Students declaring low perceived risk of cannabis use [PR = 2.6 (1.2-5.5)], having tried this addictive substance at some point [PR = 3.1 (1.1-8.9)] and having suffered bullying [PR = 4.8 (2.4-9.6)] increased the risk of experiencing negative mood states. CONCLUSION: It would be advisable to design and implement interventions aimed at improving mental health during adolescence which account for the use of addictive substances and being a victim of bullying.

Antecedentes: los problemas de salud mental durante la adolescencia suponen un aumento de la morbimortalidad y la discapacidad. Se pretende testar la hipótesis de que el bullying y el consumo de sustancias psicoactivas están asociados al estado de ánimo negativo.Métodos: estudio transversal entre estudiantes de Educación Secundaria Obligatoria (ESO) (n=238) de los institutos de Burela (Lugo). El "estado de ánimo negativo" se definió a partir de los siguientes ítems: sentirse cansado/a, triste, desplazado/a, aburrido/a, desesperanzado/a, nervioso/a o insomne. Como variables independientes se consideraron: el binge drinking, el haber fumado alguna vez tabaco o cannabis, así como sus correspondientes percepciones de peligrosidad. Además, se midió la variable bullying. Se estimaron modelos de regresión de Poisson con varianza robusta y se obtuvieron Razones de Prevalencia (RP).Resultados: el 10,5% [IC95% (7,2-15,2)] de la población encuestada presentaba estado de ánimo negativo. La nula o baja percepción de peligrosidad para el cannabis [RP=2,6 (1,2-5,5)], haber probado alguna vez esta sustancia adictiva [RP=3,1 (1,1-8,9)] y haber sufrido bullying [RP=4,8 (2,4-9,6)] se asociaban al estado de ánimo negativo.Conclusiones: sería recomendable crear intervenciones para la mejora de la salud mental durante la adolescencia que tengan en cuenta el consumo de sustancias adictivas y el hecho de haber sufrido bullying.

School and town factors associated with risky alcohol consumption among Catalan adolescents.

Risky alcohol consumption among adolescents has health and social consequences. Evidence identifying the school context that determines alcohol consumption among rural and urban adolescents is lacking. This study aimed to describe the contextual school and town factors determining risky alcohol consumption among rural and urban 10th-grade adolescents (15-17 years old) from Catalonia (northeastern Spain). The study had a cross-sectional design. Cluster sampling with the class as the sampling unit was used, and a total of 1268 10th-grade adolescents from Catalonia nested in 26 high schools participated in the study. A computerized and self-administrated questionnaire was used to collect individual variables. Contextual variables were collected from the Catalan police registers, geocoded sources, and governmental internet databases, and by aggregation of answers from the self-administrated questionnaire. The prevalence of risky alcohol consumption was calculated, and a multilevel Poisson regression analysis with robust variance was conducted with data from adolescents nested within high schools. The results show that risky alcohol consumption is higher among rural adolescents (59.3%) than among urban youth (51.1%) (p < 0.005). Positive expectancies, drunkenness of siblings and friends, and most of the variables indicating accessibility are associated with risky alcohol consumption at the individual level. At the contextual level, the sports center rate and the high school's percentage of risky student alcohol consumption are strongly associated with individual risky alcohol consumption. The town environment (rural or urban), the unemployment rate, and the number of pubs and nightclubs lost their significance after adjustment by the individual and mediating variables. In conclusion, individual factors, such as the influence of drinking patterns of siblings and friends, and more alcohol access opportunities, are associated with adolescents' risky alcohol consumption. The associated contextual factors are the sports center rate and the percentage of risky classmate alcohol consumers. Interventions targeting adolescents should focus at community and high school levels, trying to reduce adolescents' accessibility to alcohol.

Asociación entre los estados de ánimo negativo, el consumo de sustancias psicoactivas y el bullying en adolescentes escolarizados / Association between negative mood states, psychoactive substances consumption and bullying in school-aged adolescents

ANTECEDENTES: los problemas de salud mental durante la adolescencia suponen un aumento de la morbimortalidad y la discapacidad. Se pretende testar la hipótesis de que el bullying y el consumo de sustancias psicoactivas están asociados al estado de ánimo negativo. MÉTODOS: estudio transversal entre estudiantes de Educación Secundaria Obligatoria (ESO) (n = 238) de los institutos de Burela (Lugo). El "estado de ánimo negativo" se definió a partir de los siguientes ítems: sentirse cansado/a, triste, desplazado/a, aburrido/a, desesperanzado/a, nervioso/a o insomne.como variables independientes se consideraron: el binge drinking, el haber fumado alguna vez tabaco o cannabis, así como sus correspondientes percepciones de peligrosidad. Además, se midió la variable bullying. Se estimaron modelos de regresión de Poisson con varianza robusta y se obtuvieron Razones de Prevalencia (RP). RESULTADOS: el 10,5% [IC95% (7,2-15,2)] de la población encuestada presentaba estado de ánimo negativo. La nula o baja percepción de peligrosidad para el cannabis [RP = 2,6 (1,2-5,5)], haber probado alguna vez esta sustancia adictiva [RP = 3,1 (1,1-8,9)] y haber sufrido bullying [RP = 4,8 (2,4-9,6)] se asociaban al estado de ánimo negativo. CONCLUSIONES: sería recomendable crear intervenciones para la mejora de la salud mental durante la adolescencia que tengan en cuenta el consumo de sustancias adictivas y el hecho de haber sufrido bullying

OBJECTIVE: mental health problems during adolescence lead to increased morbidity and mortality. We intend to test the hypothesis that bullying and addictive substance use is related to negative mood states. METHODS: We carried out a cross-sectional study among high school students in Burela (Northern Spain) (n=238). "Negative mood state" was defined as experiencing the following: feeling tired, sad, out of place, bored, hopeless, nervous or lacking sleep. Independent variables were binge drinking, having smoked tobacco or cannabis, and the corresponding perceived risk of using them. The variable bullying was also measured. Poisson regression models with robust variance were estimated, and Prevalence Ratios were obtained. RESULTS: 10.5% [CI 95% (7.2-15.2)] of the students reported suffering negative mood states. Students declaring low perceived risk of cannabis use [PR = 2.6 (1.2-5.5)], having tried this addictive substance at some point [PR = 3.1 (1.1-8.9)] and having suffered bullying [PR = 4.8 (2.4-9.6)] increased the risk of experiencing negative mood states. CONCLUSIONS: It would be advisable to design and implement interventions aimed at improving mental health during adolescence which account for the use of addictive substances and being a victim of bullying

Socioeconomic position and occupational social class and their association with risky alcohol consumption among adolescents.

OBJECTIVES: To compare different measures of socioeconomic position (SEP) and occupational social class (OSC) and to evaluate their association with risky alcohol consumption among adolescents attending the last mandatory secondary school (ages 15-17 years). METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study. 1268 adolescents in Catalonia (Spain) participated in the study. Family affluence scale (FAS), parents' OSC, parents' level of education and monthly familiar income were used to compare socioeconomic indicators. Logistic regression analyses were conducted to evaluate socioeconomic variables and missing associated factors, and to observe the relation between each SEP variable and OSC adjusting by sociodemographic variables. RESULTS: Familiar income had more than 30% of missing values. OSC had the fewest missing values associated factors. Being immigrant was associated with all SEP missing values. All SEP measures were positively associated with risky alcohol consumption, yet the strength of these associations diminished after adjustment for sociodemographic variables. Weekly available money was the variable with the strongest association with risky alcohol consumption. CONCLUSIONS: OSC seems to be as good as the other indicators to assess adolescents' SEP. Adolescents with high SEP and those belonging to upper social classes reported higher levels of risky alcohol consumption.

Consumo de riesgo de alcohol y factores asociados en adolescentes de 15 a 16 años de la Cataluña Central: diferencias entre ámbito rural y urbano / Risky alcohol consumption and associated factors in adolescents aged 15 to 16 years in Central Catalonia (Spain): differences between rural and urban areas

Objetivo. Conocer la prevalencia y los factores asociados al consumo de riesgo de alcohol entre los jóvenes de la Cataluña Central durante el curso 2011-2012 según el ámbito de residencia. Método. Estudio transversal, con una muestra de 1268 alumnos de 4° curso de ESO de la Cataluña Central. Resultados. El consumo de riesgo de alcohol es superior en los jóvenes que viven en un ámbito rural (59,6% versus 49,8%). Las borracheras de hermanos y amigos, tener expectativas positivas frente al consumo y haber comprado alcohol se asociaron al consumo de riesgo. En el ámbito rural se asociaron la situación familiar de convivencia diferente a la biparental y el bajo nivel académico, y en el ámbito urbano el alto nivel socioeconómico. Conclusiones. El consumo de riesgo de alcohol es muy superior entre los jóvenes del ámbito rural. Los principales factores asociados son los consumos de figuras del entorno familiar y escolar (AU)

Objective. To determine the prevalence of risky alcohol consumption and associated risk factors among adolescents living in Central Catalonia (Spain) during the 2011-2012 academic year, depending on their area of residence. Method. A cross-sectional study was carried out in a sample of 1268 10th grade students (4 th grade of secondary education) in Central Catalonia. Results. Risky alcohol consumption was higher among adolescents in rural areas than in urban areas (59.6% versus 49.8%). Associated risk factors were drunkenness in siblings and friends, having positive expectations of alcohol consumption, and buying alcohol. Not living with both parents and poorer academic achievement were associated risk factors in rural areas, while higher socioeconomic status was a risk factor in urban areas. Conclusions. Risky alcohol consumption was much higher among adolescents living in rural areas. The main associated factor was alcohol consumption among family and friends (AU)

[Risky alcohol consumption and associated factors in adolescents aged 15 to 16 years in Central Catalonia (Spain): differences between rural and urban areas]. / Consumo de riesgo de alcohol y factores asociados en adolescentes de 15 a 16 años de la Cataluña Central: diferencias entre ámbito rural y urbano.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence of risky alcohol consumption and associated risk factors among adolescents living in Central Catalonia (Spain) during the 2011-2012 academic year, depending on their area of residence. METHOD: A cross-sectional study was carried out in a sample of 1268 10th grade students (4th grade of secondary education) in Central Catalonia. RESULTS: Risky alcohol consumption was higher among adolescents in rural areas than in urban areas (59.6% versus 49.8%). Associated risk factors were drunkenness in siblings and friends, having positive expectations of alcohol consumption, and buying alcohol. Not living with both parents and poorer academic achievement were associated risk factors in rural areas, while higher socioeconomic status was a risk factor in urban areas. CONCLUSIONS: Risky alcohol consumption was much higher among adolescents living in rural areas. The main associated factor was alcohol consumption among family and friends.